Origin of recovery of gemstones -- Diamond Ruby and sapphire -- Emerald, aquamarine and other beryls -- Chrysoberyl and spinel -- Topaz and tourmaline -- Zircon, peridot and spodumene -- The garnets - ...

The demand for gemstones is increasing, and fake gemstones are becoming a prominent and difficult-to-tackle problem in the jewelry and gemstone industries. Synthetic, fake, and enhanced gemstones can ...

Spectroscopy was first used for studying minerals and gems soon after Isaac Newton attempted to separate sunlight into its component colors with the help of a prism. By the mid-1800s, researchers ...