Synthetic biology advances the rational engineering of mammalian cells to achieve cell-based therapy goals. Synthetic gene networks have nearly reached the complexity of digital electronic circuits ...

As we discussed at the beginning of this series, sampling has nothing to do with digitization, or quantization. A sampled signal can remain in the analog domain, though digitized signals are sampled ...

All naturally occurring phenomena and signals are analog in nature. When we want to process these natural signals, it is understood that whatever data comes from the external world first needs to be ...