Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ...

aDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands bDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam ...

E-learning significantly broadens the scope for students to participate in extracurricular self-directed learning to achieve personal goals. However, the existing research has somewhat overlooked this ...