One useful feature of the Python math module is quick access to mathematical constants. You can make Python more effective as a scientific calculator by using these same functions with numerical ...

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a dynamical system whose trajectory is a result of minimizing a multiphase cost function. The multiphase cost function is assumed to be a weighted sum of specified ...

Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

Abstract: The natural exponential function appears in a broad range of conventional and emerging applications, including the activation functions used in deep learning applications. This article ...