A maths optical illusion is a fascinating trick where numbers, shapes, or patterns deceive our brain into seeing something different from the mathematical reality. These illusions use geometry, ...

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate movement patterns of a particle in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. We characterize movement patterns of the particle by two factors: 1) the ...

This book is a unique work which provides an in-depth exploration into the mathematical expertise, philosophy, and knowledge of H W Gould. It is written in a style that is accessible to the reader ...