IT is well known that changes in the d.c. characteristics of transistor amplifiers with temperature are particularly severe, and tend to limit the range over which these devices can operate. The d.c.

In Part 1 of this five-part series, we examined FET voltage controlled resistors, basic voltage controlled resistor circuits, and a balanced or push pull voltage controlled resistor (VCR) circuit.

Previous tutorials have described that resistors may either be connected as a series circuit or a parallel circuit where the currents and voltages are obtained using Ohm’s Law. To produce more complex ...

Many PIC processors require 5-V power while being programmed, yet battery-powered systems may contain low-voltage devices that will be damaged at voltages above their maximum voltage ratings. In ...